The President of the European Central Bank

Education

1964

Graduate of the Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines de Nancy “Ingénieur civil des Mines“

1966

Graduate of the Université de Paris in economics

1966

Graduate of the Institut d'études politiques de Paris

1969 - 1971

Graduate of the Ecole nationale d'administration
Appointed to the "Inspection générale des Finances"

Professional career

1966 - 1968

Engineer in the competitive sector

1971

"Inspecteur adjoint des Finances"

1974

Assigned to the General Inspectorate of Finance

1975

Assigned to the Treasury Department

1976

Secretary General of the Interministerial Committee for Improving Industrial Structures (CIASI)

1978

Adviser to the Minister for Economic Affairs

1978

Adviser to the President of the Republic on industry, energy and research

1981

Head of the Development Aid Office at the Treasury Department

1981

Deputy Director of Bilateral Affairs, Treasury Department

1985

Head of International Affairs, Treasury Department
Chairman of the Paris Club - sovereign debt rescheduling (1985 - 1993)

1986

Director of the Private Office of the Minister for Economic Affairs, Finance and Privatisation

1987

Director of the Treasury Department

Alternate Governor of the International Monetary Fund (until 1993)

Alternate Governor of the World Bank

Censor of the Banque de France

1992

Chairman of the European Monetary Committee (1992-1993)

1993

Governor of the Banque de France (first term)

Member of the Board of Directors of the Bank for International Settlements

Governor of the World Bank (until 1995)

1994

Chairman of the Monetary Policy Council of the Banque de France
Member of the Council of the European Monetary Institute

1995

Alternate Governor of the International Monetary Fund (until 2003)

1998

Member of the Governing Council of the European Central Bank

1999

Governor of the Banque de France (second term)

2003

Chairman of the Group of Ten Governors
President of the European Central Bank